Molecules and Processes of Life Activity 6 - Cellular Respiration and Lab Report

Molecules and Processes of Life Activity 6 - Cellular Respiration and the Effects of Pollutants on Its Rate - Lab Report Example The amount of gas emitted at the top of tube was observed to over 10 minutes so as to determine cellular respiration rate. The pollutants used included; vinegar, salt solution, isopropyl alcohol, baking soda, soap solution, and bleach solution. The result for yeast mixture was compared with the results for yeast-sugar mixture. The yeast-sugar mixture exhibited a faster cellular respiration rate. The outcomes of the pollutants had mixed results. Except baking soda, most of the pollutants utilized had a lower cellular respiration rate. According to Carpenter (2013), cellular respiration is a process in which chemical energy in the food is reaped and converted into energy that is utilized in carrying out the normal life process. Every organism requires cellular respiration for survival. This process happens in three distinct phases; glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. Lippmann (2009) argues that during these cycles, oxygen and glucose in our body are turned into carbon dioxide, energy, and water. The first phase of cellular respiration is when one glucose molecule is split to produce two pyruvic acid molecules, a 3-carbon compound (Schapira, McQuaid & Froneman, 2011). This first phase is anaerobic, implying it does not need oxygen to occur. The remaining phases require oxygen. As such, the experiment was conducted within an oxygen zone and a considerable time frame to allow the three phases of cellular respiration to occur. To test our first hypothesis, the experimental design was such that yeast was mixed with water then poured into a test tube. A wider test tube was placed over the yeast test tube and flipped together over 10 minutes to observe the level of gas amounting in the wider tube. The amount of gas was recorded every minute in the10 minutes. The same was done to a yeast-water mixture but with granulated sugar added into

History of Circle Essay Example for Free

History of Circle Essay The word circle derives from the Greek, kirkos a circle, from the base ker- which means to turn or bend. The origins of the words circus and circuit are closely related. The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles would have been observed, such as the Moon, Sun, and a short plant stalk blowing in the wind on sand, which forms a circle shape in the sand. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern civilization possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy, and calculus. Early science, particularly geometry and astrology and astronomy, was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars, and many believed that there was something intrinsically divine or perfect that could be found in circles. The compass in this 13th century manuscript is a symbol of Gods act ofCreation. Notice also the circular shape of the halo| Circles on an old astronomy drawing| Some highlights in the history of the circle are: * 1700 BC – The Rhind papyrus gives a method to find the area of a circular field. The result corresponds to 256/81 (3.16049) as an approximate value of π. * 300 BC – Book 3 of Euclids Elements deals with the properties of circles. * In Platos Seventh Letter there is a detailed definition and explanation of the circle. Plato explains the perfect circle, and how it is different from any drawing, words, definition or explanation. * 1880 – Lindemann proves that π is transcendental, effectively settling the millennia-old problem of squaring the circle.

Essays --

The executive branch enforces and carries out laws made by the legislative branch as long as they are approved by the head of state. You can find the executive branch in the constitution by looking up article 2. The executive branch consists of the president, the department of defense and many security agencies. To be the president, you must be a native born citizen, which means that you were born in the United States or someone who was born somewhere else but both of their parents are U.S citizens. You also must be at least 35 years old and have lived in the United States for 14 years. The president is elected when the people in each state vote republican, democrat or independent. Once they tally the votes up for each state, if it has more votes than the other party, then that state will usually turn to the winning party. Each state has electoral votes. Electoral votes are the votes casted by the representatives for each state in the Electoral College. These votes are determined by the population of a state. The Electoral College consists of 538 members, each states number of electoral votes it has are equal to the number of senators and representatives it has. The higher the state’s population, the more electoral votes it has. You add the 435 representatives, the 100 senators and the 3 electors from the district of Colombia. The number of votes adds up to 538 votes. That’s why the presidential candidates always try to win the big states like Texas, Florida and New York because by the winning the big states they can win the electoral vote and most likely win the election. You can win the popular vote (which is the vote of the people) and not the electoral vote and still win the election but it rarely ever happens. There is a pres... ...ch. The national government has many powers. Their powers include regulating interstate and foreign trade setting standard weights and measures, creating and maintaining armed forces, making copyright and patent laws, establishing postal offices, establishing foreign policies, creating federal courts, coin money, declaring war and finally admitting new states. The State Government also has many powers. Their powers include creating corporation law, regulating trade within state, maintaining schools, establishing local governments, making laws about marriage and divorce, conducting elections and finally providing public safety. The national government and the state government share some powers but not many. These powers include providing for public welfare, administering criminal justice, chartering banks, raising taxes, and borrowing money.

The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essays -- Geol

The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, forming only where surface waters are never cooler than 20Â ° C (68Â ° F). The only difference between a barrier reef and a coral reef is that a barrier reef occurs farther offshore, with a channel or lagoon between it and the shore. The outer layer of a reef consists of living animals, or polyps, of coral. Single-celled algae called zooxanthellae live within the coral polyps, and a skeleton containing filamentous green algae surrounds them. The photosynthetic zooxanthellae and green algae transfer food energy directly to the coral polyps, while acquiring scarce nutrients from the coral. The numerous micro habitats of coral reefs and the high biological productivity support a great diversity of other life. The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is a chain of coral reefs in the Coral Sea, off the northeastern coast of Australia. The largest reef in the world, it extends about 1250 mi from Mackay, Queensland to the Torres Strait (between Australia and New Guinea.) The Great Barrier Reef is home to a remarkable number of organisms. The coral itself is made up of the skeletons of tiny, flowerlike water animals called polyps, held together by a limestone substance produced by a type of algae. Hundreds... ...bal Warming kills Great Barrier Reef coral http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/exterel/news/981008News/8.10.coral.html Coral bleaching http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/bleach.htm Coral Reef http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=050FE000 Coral reefs in peril worldwide http://usatoday.com/life/science/environ/lse011.htm Coral 'stress' worsening, expert says http://www.msnbc.com/news/287041.asp?cp1=1 Global warming http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=03CCE000 Greenpeace reports threat to Great Barrier Reef http://www.wwinternational.com/pages/updatecontent/Reef.html Protecting Coral Reefs http://coralreef.gov/how.html What are Some Solutions to Global Warming http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/whattodo.html What are the Causes of Global Warming? http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/causes.html The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essays -- Geol The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, forming only where surface waters are never cooler than 20Â ° C (68Â ° F). The only difference between a barrier reef and a coral reef is that a barrier reef occurs farther offshore, with a channel or lagoon between it and the shore. The outer layer of a reef consists of living animals, or polyps, of coral. Single-celled algae called zooxanthellae live within the coral polyps, and a skeleton containing filamentous green algae surrounds them. The photosynthetic zooxanthellae and green algae transfer food energy directly to the coral polyps, while acquiring scarce nutrients from the coral. The numerous micro habitats of coral reefs and the high biological productivity support a great diversity of other life. The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is a chain of coral reefs in the Coral Sea, off the northeastern coast of Australia. The largest reef in the world, it extends about 1250 mi from Mackay, Queensland to the Torres Strait (between Australia and New Guinea.) The Great Barrier Reef is home to a remarkable number of organisms. The coral itself is made up of the skeletons of tiny, flowerlike water animals called polyps, held together by a limestone substance produced by a type of algae. Hundreds... ...bal Warming kills Great Barrier Reef coral http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/exterel/news/981008News/8.10.coral.html Coral bleaching http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/bleach.htm Coral Reef http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=050FE000 Coral reefs in peril worldwide http://usatoday.com/life/science/environ/lse011.htm Coral 'stress' worsening, expert says http://www.msnbc.com/news/287041.asp?cp1=1 Global warming http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=03CCE000 Greenpeace reports threat to Great Barrier Reef http://www.wwinternational.com/pages/updatecontent/Reef.html Protecting Coral Reefs http://coralreef.gov/how.html What are Some Solutions to Global Warming http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/whattodo.html What are the Causes of Global Warming? http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/causes.html

?Considering a Social Dilemma in Practice: Using a Code of Ethics to Inform Decision Making

Abstract Social dilemmas have the potential to define an entire population, leading to the need to assess and understand the implications associated with trends. This study uses the social trap of carbon fuel pollution to illustrate the manner and means of defection and cooperation that are possible in order to create progress. This research will be of use to any person researching social science and the need to build on a fundamental level. 1. Introduction Found in every society, culture and region, the common definition for a social dilemma is held to be an instance where there is the potential for individual gain at the cost of the larger group (Baqlliet et al., 2013). In a very real sense, this environment is created in order for an individual to profit from selfishness; however, if everyone chooses this alternative, the entire group stands to lose, indicating a win or nothing social condition. McCarter et al. (2011) argue that issues begin to arise as too many of the target population choose the negative option preferring the sense of immediate satisfaction over the group’s long-term interests. This outlines a sense of non-committal on the part of the population, speaking to the tendency to put off social experiences and dilemmas that often take various forms across a wide variety for fields and disciplines. With illustrations of social issues including climate change, pollution as well as human overpopulation, there is a fu ndamental platform that must be achieved in order to effectively identify and correct errant or negative trends. This study addresses the question of the social dilemma of fossil fuel consumption.Argued to be a commonly experienced social trap found in the use of carbon fuels in the environment day-to-day social operations (Chen et al., 2012). A social trap is created when there is a drive to experience and create immediate rewards as opposed to waiting to offset the potential negative, leaving much of the defining nature of the experience to the individual. Carbon pollution and the burning of fossil fuels creates the social dilemma by creating and fundamentally building a infrastructure around behavior patterns that have produced rewards in the short term, or current and past generations, but clearly hold a diminishing return when considered in context with the future and larger environmental picture (Khachatryan et al, 2013). The elements of a condition that create social traps are identified as reinforces that tend to build a stronger pattern of behavior in small cases yet, serves to punis h larger instances. In this case defection is defined as the unbridaled consumption of fossil fuels, with the cooperative social position being defined as an on going effort to reduce that very same use of carbon fueld. In a short term capacity, carbon fuels and combustion engines have transformed technology and the way of life for an entire civilization, yet, the use of the technology without restraint has enabled negative consequences to arise. In short it is the short term gain for society that serves to encourage the use of the carbon fuels, yet the long term price in terms of negative environment impact and loss of wildlife and natural resources becomes consequential. 2. Analysis Social issues cross boundaries to impact every science and branch of study (Sagiv et al., 2011). With this recognition, there are wide ranges of theories that have the potential to apply to this social trap/dilemma of employing carbon fuels in day to day activities. Leading among many researchers is the economic game theory, or expected utility theory (McCarter et al., 2011). This approach argues that any person is a rational actor that is solely motivated to make the most of their personal positions, or utility in terms of a person’s economic self-interest. In this instance the short term gains of employing polluting technology are seemingly insignificant in the face of day to day travel needs (Balleiet et al., 2013). With a willful form of defection, there is the sense of putting off the payment for future generations, leaving many of the population that seeks a cooperative solution with little recourse. According to the Game theory, there is much more likely for socially non-cooperative outcome, simply due to the ease of use and social acceptance, despite the documented negative instances related to the collection and consumption of these resources. Many social dilemmas evoke conflict amongst moral values, making the correct choice less clear to decipher (Banks, 2006). Banks has implied how decision making about another’s welfare can frequently involve issues which are both personal and painful, thus judgements will need to be made which are ethical and promote human welfare (Banks, 2012). In knowledge of this, it is crucial to have proper justification for actions and in-actions. A second relevant theory of Utilitarianism has been developed by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832): ‘Utilitarianism incorporates how actions have consequences, which should balance advantages and disadvantages, relatively within a certain course of action,’ (Parrott 2010, p. 54). When putting this principal into action it is acceptable for one person to suffer, if this translates to a greater number of people being happy. Two existing principles pertain to the theory of utilitarianism, and these are justice and utility. Understanding the p rinciple of justice can be captured in respect for equality and fairness, everyone’s happiness should be considered with the same weight. Utility as a principal infers the greatest good for everyone. However, both of these principles can clash if the minority of people are unhappy. Beauchamp and Childress (2001) have outlined the principal of justice: which accounts for distribution of fair benefits, risks and costs; this encapsulates the notion that similar cases should be treated similarly. In a clinical role it is regarded as being within the job role to effectively ‘assess the whole situation, while working for outcomes while considering everyone’s best interests’ (Banks 2012). Yet, each individual in the society has the option to disagree, and therefore defect from the effort, weakening the end results. An alternative complimentary approach is Virtue ethics and the theory of this principal investigates individual character. A persons ‘virtue ethics’ are thought to be guided and developed through their personal beliefs, and this process is said to determine overall character. As an approach Virtue ethics are carried out ‘according to which the basic judgments in ethics are judgments about character’ (Statman, 1997, p. 7). This argument indicates that a person could be co-operative by appealing to their better nature, rather than depending on the satisfaction of their immediate desires. It is recognised that issues of an ethical nature will often be embedded in personal responsibility or relationships. Linking the fight for a long term, environmentally balanced and healthy society with the need to provide a better future for the next generations, there is evidence that substantial progress can be made for the co-operative efforts (McCarter et al., 2011). A further area of social science that applies to this case is referred to as Radical often recognized as ‘critical’ or ‘activist’ work (McCarter et al., 2011). Within this radical position the viewpoint taken is of a transformational approach, where concerns are placed on the transformation of society as this will benefit those who are most oppressed, or those suffering in adverse environmental conditions, in comparison to focusing on the individual profit, or day to day consumers (Hill, 2010). In addition, McIntyre (1982) as cited in Payne (2004) determined radical approaches and criticisms being that; traditionally, social work can lower complex social problems and turn them into individual psychological ones, while potentially cutting off service users from contact to others who have similar problems. Yet, in in the case of pollution and using offered technology seems to translate to creating isolation between workers and those who need the service 3. Reducing Defection Among the many possible solutions to decreasing defections and increasing possible cooperation is the option of motivational solutions (Khachatryan et al., 2013). Providing opportunities for mutual gain, both in the short and long term, creates an incentive for long term, effective cooperation and progress. There components of a must be assessed in order to create a reduced or improved environment (McCarter et al., 2011): Individualism or the presence of the tendency for a person to act selfishly Competition or the capacity to measure outcomes relative to others The opportunity for cooperation In this case is seems possible to incorporate all three elements into an effective anti-defection strategy. Emphasizing the positive aspects of using alternative fuels has the potential to inspire the individual to work outside the acceptable social net by not using fossil fuels. Furthermore, the creation of a competitive form of reporting would serve to build a measureable means for people to assess their own efforts, as well as that of others. The first two are pro-self-approaches while the third is considered a prosocial orientation (Chen et al., 2012). Prosocial and pro-self-persons react differently when faced with a similar situation, making the need to find a solution that can bridge the gap between them critical. Prosocial views often concern themselves with the moral implications, thereby seek out cooperation. This can be seen in this context as the drive to harvest less from a common resource, thereby reducing overall dependency and negative consequences. Strategic solutions also have the potential to increase cooperation and reduce defections in the social dilemma of carbon fuel pollution (Ballet et al., 2013). This is an approach that uses interactions to create an environment of cooperation as the society uses a Tit for tat strategy. This approach seems to be present in the current discourse about carbon pollution with many consumers making a cooperative move, while at the same moment mirroring decisions of the partner. TFT applies to this dilemma in that it is a real-world strategy that has a proven record of success, thereby inciting many consumers to take part in the effort. These forms of structural changes alter the game by modifying the social dilemma or removing the issue completely. In this case a reduction in consumption has the potential to move on completely from the carbon fuel based system. Furthermore, research on conservation repeatedly illustrates that incentives are effective in decreasing consumption of resource s as well as the adoption of renewable resources (Chen et al., 2012). Many case studies illustrate that cooperation is based on various factors, including the ability to monitor the situation in order to punish defectors leading to an external structure that opts to cooperate and self-organise with the inherent ability to communicate and share in order to effectively resolve social delimmas. 4. Conclusion In conlusion, when evaluating the strengths the social dilemma of using carbon fuels, the need of the day to day consumer must be considered in the light of long term cost. Using a cooperative approach that serves to provide incentives and alternatives to possible defectors serves to enhance the underlying effort and add impact to the arguments that desire cooperation. Overall, it is certain that the core of the burden translates to effective planning while accounting for the present situation. With many possible solutions, this study has illustrated that following a radical approach could lead to empowerment of the service user, enable individuals to overcome social stigma attached to the pollution issue as educate them with skills needed to be independent in future. In the end, in order to encourage cooperation there needs to be a viable alternative that makes sense on a day to day basis as well as being affordable to the common person. Lacking a comprehensive strategy will only e ncourage those that resist change to depend on the technology of the past in order to face the challenges of the future. 5. References Balliet, D., & Ferris, D. (2013). Ostracism and prosocial behavior: A social dilemma perspective.Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes, 120(2), 298-308. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.04.004 Banks, S. & Gallagher, A. (2009). Ethics in professional life: virtues for health and social care. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Banks, S. (2012). Ethics and Values in Social Work. (fourth edition). Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford university press. Beckett, C. (2007). The reality principle: Realism as an ethical obligation. Ethics and Social Welfare, 1(3), 269-281. Beckett, C. (2012). Values and ethics in social work. Sage. Chen, X., Szolnoki, A., & Perc, M. (2012). Risk-driven migration and the collective-risk social dilemma. Physical Review E, 86(3). doi:10.1103/physreve.86.036101 Clifford, D., & Burke, B. (2008).Anti-oppressive ethics and values in social work. Palgrave Macmillan. Darwall, S. (1995). The British Moralists and the Internal’Ought’: 1640-1740. Cambridge University Press. Dolgoff, R., Loewenberg, F. M., & Harrington, D. (2009). Ethical issues for social work practice. Derlega, V., & Grzelak, J. (1982). Cooperation and helping behavior. New York: Academic Press. Hill, L. (2010). Radical indecision: Barthes, Blanchot, Derrida, and the future of criticism. Johnson, R. (2008). Kant’s moral philosophy. Khachatryan, H., Joireman, J., & Casavant, K. (2013). Relating values and consideration of future and immediate consequences to consumer preference for biofuels: A three-dimensional social dilemma analysis. Journal Of Environmental Psychology, 34, 97-108. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.01.001 McCarter, M., Mahoney, J., & Northcraft, G. (2011). TESTING THE WATERS: USING COLLECTIVE REAL OPTIONS TO MANAGE THE SOCIAL DILEMMA OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES. Academy Of Management Review, 36(4), 621-640. doi:10.5465/amr.2011.65554629 Parrott, L. (2010). Values and ethics in social work practice. SAGE. Payne, G., & Payne, J. (2004).Key concepts in social research. Sage. Saleebey, D. (1996). The strengths perspective in social work practice: Extensions and cautions. Social work, 41(3), 296-305. Statman, D. (1997). Virtue ethics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Sagiv, L., Sverdlik, N., & Schwarz, N. (2011). To compete or to cooperateValues’ impact on perception and action in social dilemma games. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol., 41(1), 64-77. doi:10.1002/ejsp.729 Thompson, N. (2007). Power and empowerment. Russell House Pub. Wilson, K. (2008). Social work: An introduction to contemporary practice. Pearson Education. Wilson, K., Ruch, G., Lymbery, M., & Cooper, A. (2008). Social work. Essex: Pearson.

Law justifies itself for being an Ass……..

Law justifies itself for being an Ass†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Free Online Research Papers Help! Help! Police help me from this police. No! To me the gone line is not bizarre. Well, I could hardly find a being on earth who will, in fact, claim it to be bizarre. The people of India enjoy the sporadic monsoons, the soothing downpours; they feel the gravity of the summer, the coldness and charm of the winters, and along with that, they are accustomed to the perennial and remorseless tortures of the so-called erratic police-officers, who claim themselves to be the reincarnation of some ancient God who has taken birth for saving the lives of people in the guise of police officials. Now, I implore your Almighty to once again step on the earth to keep an eye on those very people who, to me, are nothing more than wolves in a sheep’s clothing. To be sure, half the population is dying not of old age, but of police tortures, not of diseases, but because of the bruises in their body awarded by the batons of the officers. The crimes committed by the police officers afford an attention but unfortunately my eyes are staring at the inattentive masses of the country. When one sees law as a dead horse, it forces him to turn his PC on and start typing something which would at least snuggle down his anger and embarrassment. So what should one type is a million dollar question. As far as my views are concerned he should type nothing but the saying that goes without saying-Law is an ass! I read an author saying, law is invisible; it is in the air, in the atmosphere, to the normal touch, so to speak. The mystery (the presence of law) of my life was half-solved when my teacher quietly dictated in class: ‘Law remains undefined’. So if one cannot define law how is then the presence of law justified. Well, whatever is present in Earth, or for that matter, in Mars or Venus, nothing is left undefined. This forced me to modify the former definition a bit. It should rather beLaw is nowhere, therefore invisible. Examples have proved to be more helpful than mere discussion since time immemorial. I am not going to table something which is purely uncommon to the common people. I would rather seek to cite a few instances which are capable to substantiate my argument that law does not exist. Take for instance, when you go to a Railway ticket counter to purchase a ticket and you don’t have change. You take a ticket worth Rs.5 and give Rs.10 (I surmise, everyone agrees that the balance amount is not huge) to the person in counter. The latter wants to have a show of authority which no one could challenge and makes you wait for another 10-15 minutes. If question the wrongdoer, one would receive a short rude reply (the case has maximum application in West Bengal). Now, if law were there in the atmosphere, would then the victim would have to wait there for 15 minutes, missing his train, bearing the expenses of a taxi (he might be a regular bus-passenger), arriving late at office, getting scolded by his manager, losing his one day salary etc. Who is going to compensate for all the consequences? Well, law is, in all likelihood, not bothered about what the ticket seller does. But I am. What can I do? This probably is again a million dollar question. I should again type something in my PC which is likely to calm-down my annoyance. That ‘thing’ is the saying that goes without sayingLaw is an Ass! Research Papers on Law justifies itself for being an Ass........Unreasonable Searches and Seizures19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is ArtLifes What IfsNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Spring and AutumnMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Grammar Tips Double Negatives

Grammar Tips Double Negatives Grammar Tips: Double Negatives We’re not saying grammar isn’t easy, but it isn’t uncomplicated either. And if you struggled to follow that sentence, it’s because we packed it with double negatives. Generally, you should avoid these in writing to ensure clarity. But not all double negatives are wrong, as we will now explain. Double Negatives (The Bad Kind) We’re often told to avoid double negatives in English, since two negatives in a sentence cancel one another out. The classic example is a denial of responsibility such as â€Å"I didn’t do nothing!† The problem with this double negative is that â€Å"didn’t† and â€Å"nothing† cancel one another out, as they are both negative terms. Thus, we’re left with a sentence that suggests the speaker did do something. A corrected version of this sentence would switch one negative term for a positive one. For example, we could say either: I didn’t do anything. OR I did nothing. We can now see what is being negated (i.e., doing something). As a result, you would not typically want to use this kind of double negative, especially in formal writing. However, you can use them to create an informal tone of voice in literature, since some people do use them in real life. Acceptable Negativity (The Good Kind) Sometimes, using a double negative is fine. In fact, some double negatives are so common you might not even recognize them as double negatives. This includes phrases like â€Å"not bad† and â€Å"not uncommon,† which combine two negatives to make a positive. Taken literally, for example, the phrase â€Å"not bad† would simply imply that something is not bad. In practice, though, â€Å"not bad† is usually a way of saying â€Å"quite good.† This double negative is therefore a form of ironic understatement, sometimes known as litotes. So when Tom Jones sang â€Å"it’s not unusual to be loved by anyone,† what he meant was â€Å"it’s fairly normal to be loved by someone.† Which, we’ll admit, is a less catchy lyric. Tom Jones: quite unusual.(Photo: VMusic2016/wikimedia) When Should I Use a Double Negative? â€Å"Good† double negatives like â€Å"not bad† are common in everyday language, so you can use them freely in less formal writing. However, they may not be formal enough for academic of business writing, so you should be careful about using them in such documents. Furthermore, never use the â€Å"I didn’t do nothing† type of double negative in formal writing. In fact, you’re usually better off avoiding these â€Å"bad† double negatives altogether. Of course, if you want to make doubly sure your writing is error free, you can always have it checked by a professional!

The Fed and Interest Rates Essays - Monetary Policy, Free Essays

The Fed and Interest Rates Essays - Monetary Policy, Free Essays The Fed and Interest Rates Dave Pettit of The Wall Street Journal writes a daily column that appears inside the first page of the journal's Money & Investment section. If the headlines of Mr. Pettit's daily column are any accurate record of economic concerns and current issues in the business world, the late weeks of March and the early weeks of April in 1994 were intensely concerned with interest rates. To quote, "Industrials Edge Up 4.32 Points Amid Caution on Interest Rates," and "Industrials Track On 13.53 Points Despite Interest-Rate Concerns." Why such a concern with interest rates? A week before, in the last week of March, the Fed had pushed up the short-term rates. This being the first increase in almost five years, it caused quite a stir. When the Fed decides the economy is growing at too quick a pace, or inflation is getting out of hand, it can take actions to slow spending and decrease the money supply. This corresponding with the money equation MV = PY, by lowering both M and V, P and Y can stabilize if they are increasing too rapidly. The Fed does this by selling securities on the open market. This, in turn, reduces bank's reserves and forces the interest rate to rise so the banks can afford to make loans. People seeing these rises in rates will tend to sell their low interest assets, in order to acquire additional money, they tend move toward higher yielding accounts, also further increasing the rate. Soon this small change by the Fed affects all aspects of business, from the price level to interest rates on credit cards. Rises and falls in the interest rate can reflect many changes in an economy. When the economy is in a recession and needs a type of stimulus package, the Fed may attempt to decrease the interest rates to encourage growth and spending in the markets. This was the case from 1989 until last month, during which the nation's economy was generally considered to be in a slight to moderate recession. During this period the Fed tried to keep interest rates low to facilitate growth and spending in hard times. However, when inflation is increasing too quickly and the economy is gaining strength, the Fed will attempt to raise rates, as it did late last March. This can be considered a sign that we are pulling out of the recession, or atleast it seems the Fed feels the recession of the early nineties is ending. Directly after the Fed's actions, the stock market was a mess. The Dow took huge dips, falling as much as 50 points a day. Although no one knows exactly what influences the market, the increase in interest rates played a major role in this craziness. Mr. Pettit's column on March 25th highlights, "Industrials Slide 48.37," Mr. Pettit attributes a large portion of the market's "tailspin" at this time to, "Rising interest rates at home." It is certainly no coincidence that these two events happened at the same time. Alan Greenspan, the current chairman of the Fed comes under great attack and praise with every move the Fed makes. He is, in a sense, the embodiment of the Fed. He has been in charge of the Fed since 1987. Some economists blame him for the recession of the early nineties. His influence on the interest rates as chairman of the Fed is monumental. It is his combined job as the Fed to steer the economy in a balanced manner that does not yield too much to inflation and to keep growth steady. Predictably, most economists are back seat drivers when it comes to watching the actions of Allen Greenspan, and they tend to feel they could much more successfully manage the economy than he. Many also agree with his tactics, so it is a two way street on which the chairman is forced to drive. It seems that not only the analysts are in disagreement of how the fed should operate, but interestingly enough, the internal policy makers seem to also disagree on what stance the Fed should take. Some of the internal policy makers are interested in making a more substantial increase now, while others opt for a more conservative approach, where the market can be tested for both good and bad influences from the rate increases. Allen Greenspan is one of this more conservative group, and it is he is critisized by some for the irradic behavior in the stock market as of late. The equilibrium that the Fed

Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co. Financial Management Research Paper

Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co. Financial Management - Research Paper Example They are equally important for all, Management, Owners and prospective Investors. The first thing that attracts investors to a Company is its profitability and what the investors will get in return of their investment, as profit whether distributed or not is Profitability measures are important to company managers and owners alike. If an entity has to attract investors , the owners have to show some attractive profits to lure them into investing and for that the profitability ratios are the key. Company’s overall efficiency and performance is shown by the profitability ratios and one can easily compare financial information available for two or three companies to ensure the worth of each after making and investment. Financial Ratios used to determine the satisfaction of a Company’s Stockholders: The Return on Equity is an important ratio as it calculates the company’s earnings performance and tells the shareholders how much are they getting on every $1 of their investment (as capital) made in the company. This ratio explains the shareholders how effectively their money is being employed and getting the profits for the company each period. Shareholders, on comparing the ratios with similar companies or industry as a whole, can get the satisfaction or dissatisfaction that their monies are utilized properly and getting the desired results or not. However, it should be kept in mind while making the comparisons that there are variations in this ratio among some types of businesses. The Dividend Payout Ratio, as the shareholders are always looking for the return, not in form of figures in the financial statements but also in their hands as ready cash. This ratio indicates the dividend a company pays to its common shareholders on every $1 net profit it earns. That is how muc h of the profit is distributed by the company to its shareholders as return and how much is retained. And no matter how forward looking the shareholders are they are always looking for some materialistic return and dividend is one of those things that satisfy the shareholders the most. Guidelines to invest in one of those companies: The debt ratio gives an idea how much the Company is indebted as compared to the assets it held. That is the amount of total liability per $1 of its total assets. The more the debts are the more riskier is the company and its operations to invest in as its shows that the company is not able to pay its debts from the assets it holds if all the amount is called currently. Further it also indicates that in case of liquidation the shareholders equity would be utilized and the owners share in the assets will be reduced or nullified. Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co, in this regard Coca-Cola Enterprise is less risky because of its 0.946 debt ratio a s compared to Pepsi Co’s 0.562. The Current Ratio highlights the liquidity of the company, higher the current ratio means more liquid the company is and that the company’

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Political science - Essay Example Moreover, the revolution has resulted in the ouster of regimes such as in Egypt, and Libya. However, the revolution has not lived up to its dreams of having a regime change. This is because even after ousting of regime, there are still subsequent uprising. A classical example is Egypt where the new regime after unrest has been ousted in less than a year. There are various reasons as to why revolution is taking place recently. First, the leaders of Arab countries engaged in consolidating their countries against western control. This helped the countries to remain united against foreign powers. Second, one party system has been controlling activities in Arab countries. Therefore, any attempt to organize political parties and movement was met with authoritarian rule (Ahmed 1). Any form of resistance or objection was treated as a threat to national security. Therefore, freedom and democracy was treated as a foreign concept (Ahmed 1). The uprisings have taken place recently due to the citizen realization that their rights have been trampled for long. The civilians have also been fed up with corrupt, unjust, and cruel

Tourism Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism Planning - Essay Example otes, it must be noted that nowhere within this description of how tourism development planning should take place is there referenced a discussion of the fact that the economic trends within the market are not guaranteed to continue to exist perennially (Scutariu, 2012). In short, any individual with a working knowledge of how the economy operates notes that key factors within the global market can increase or decrease the level of profitability that a given sector might be able to enjoy in any given year (Razzaq et al., 2012). Circumstantial evidence of this can of course be presented with regards to the way in which many individuals within the natural gas producing nations around the globe state the future of their nations and economic wealth that they might hope to effect within the immediate future upon the belief that all market conditions will remain constant (Gracan et al., 2010). However, beginning around the year 2004, it was noted that global natural gas reserves were in fa ct much larger than anticipated and the price premiums that had been paid for this natural gas plummeted (RUSE? et al., 2012). Although it may seem as something of a stretch to compare the way in which the natural gas market change in the way in which the tourism industry may change, it is nonetheless a salient point to consider the fact that the economic trends within the global market do not allow anyone industry to expect a period of sustained economic growth with no threats which might undercut this potential growth in the future (OGARLACI & POPA, 2012). By comparison, the statement of the fact that tourism planning only involves deciding what to build and where represents a great deal of strength and for Rhapsody as well. For instance, the PESETL analysis, and economic analysis that... From the previous analysis, it can and should be definitively noted that the greatest portion of decision-making ability and skill that the tourism planner must have is truly contingent upon the need of deciding what building where. However, with that being said, it is also a fundamentally important for the tourism planner to understand each of the attributed means by which this decision is impacted. Although the analysis has been thorough in anticipating and briefly discussing each of these, the truth of the matter is that there is, in fact, a great litany of other mechanisms through which the tourism planner must engage in order to make a well-informed and accurate decision (Borma, 2012). Without question, the role of the tourism planner is a stressful one due to the fact that multiple millions of dollars can be tied up in a single development, the necessity of making a well-informed and pertinent decision is paramount. With all that being said, it must be understood that a thought ful process must be engaged in order to make any other changes referenced within this brief analysis. If a nuanced and definitive process is engaged but is cognizant of the analysis, as well as many of the other decisions and choices that of the reference, it is likely that the decision of what to build and where can more effectively and appreciably be accomplished. However, if an individual PESTEL tourism planner merely seeks to engage a decision based upon simple determinants, the result will almost invariably be a disaster.

Palliative care for Enduring Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Palliative care for Enduring Conditions - Essay Example The philosophy of palliative care is firmly rooted on improving or maintaining the quality of life to the very end. It is concerned with making the last few days of the patient’s life as comfortable as possible. The World Health Organization points out that palliative care is â€Å"the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment†. It mostly involves the control of pain and other symptoms (psychological, social, and spiritual problems) often associated with terminally ill patients. The philosophy of palliative care in the current specialised setting is about paying equal focus on the physiological as well and the psychological issues of a terminally ill patient. Palliative care is rooted in the hospice movement, mainly on the care of the dying cancer patient. According to the World Health Organization, it is based on the principles of affirming life, viewing dying as a normal process. It neither hastens nor postpones death; it provides relief from pain and other symptoms; it integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care; and it offers a support system for the patient and his family until the patient’s death.

Offsite construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Offsite construction - Essay Example From this research it is clear that offsite construction refers in general to construction techniques where the some portion of the construction activity is carried out at locations outside the construction site. Pre-fabrication is another term used in the context of off-site construction. The UK Government has also coined the phrase ‘Modern Methods of Construction’ to refer to off-site construction techniques. The portions fabricated off-site are referred to as components or modules, and these are integrated into the building shell at the appropriate stage in the construction. Innovations in manufacturing technology have improved the quality and effectiveness of pre-fabricated components, and changing lifestyles and demands of the public have increased the suitability of these technologies in the house building industry. The government too has increasingly become interested in these Modern Methods of Construction as a means of providing quick and affordable solutions to meet the ever-growing demand for new housing. Various governmental organisations too have posted the latest developments, policies and programmes related to the field of off-site construction on their websites. The results and details of recent studies conducted by government agencies to compare conventional construction with off-site construction are also available on the Internet. These sources will also form a part of the study, and will help provide an understanding of the approach adopted by the administration towards the modern methods of construction.

Palliative care for Enduring Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Palliative care for Enduring Conditions - Essay Example The philosophy of palliative care is firmly rooted on improving or maintaining the quality of life to the very end. It is concerned with making the last few days of the patient’s life as comfortable as possible. The World Health Organization points out that palliative care is â€Å"the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment†. It mostly involves the control of pain and other symptoms (psychological, social, and spiritual problems) often associated with terminally ill patients. The philosophy of palliative care in the current specialised setting is about paying equal focus on the physiological as well and the psychological issues of a terminally ill patient. Palliative care is rooted in the hospice movement, mainly on the care of the dying cancer patient. According to the World Health Organization, it is based on the principles of affirming life, viewing dying as a normal process. It neither hastens nor postpones death; it provides relief from pain and other symptoms; it integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care; and it offers a support system for the patient and his family until the patient’s death.

Social issue that is arguable( I leave here open to let you selcet the Research Paper

Social issue that is arguable( I leave here open to let you selcet the topic) - Research Paper Example The situation in USA is alarming with two thirds of the adults’ population being described as either obese or overweight, while childhood obesity almost tripled in the past three decades (Kalaidis, theweek.com). FAO ranks USA second after Brazil with 31.8 percent of adults being obese (Kalaidis, theweek.com). The developing and persistent problem has led to the obesity and overweight conditions been referred to as ‘the white man problems.’ Perhaps because of the duration the problems have remained in the western world. As of 2013, statistics indicated that 23.9 million children were obese or overweight, approximately 5 times more compared to the 1970s, and 154.7 million adults in the situation, which has more than doubled after the 70s (American Heart Association, Heart.org). This speculation is arguably not a fact; most people in poor African and Asian nation struggle with these diseases. Past research indicate that â€Å"nutrition transition had been accelerating in developing nation, with an increasing trend in energy intake, especially from high energy density, high fat and low fiber diets, which is as a result of income changes that affect their dietary behavior, causing the burden of diseases related to poor diets shift more to the poor† (Du et al. 1512). Itâ₠¬â„¢s quite rampant in the famous sub Saharan regions where hunger and STDs have dominated. In fact the obesity situation is said to almost outdo the hunger crisis. This paper argues that the solution to preventing diseases caused by obesity and overweight does not lie within the taxation policies, but requires set of combined measures to assist the population in healthy consumption. It evaluates food taxes effectiveness, resulting implications and complexity of the policy. Governments across the world have deployed diverse measures in fight against obesity and overweight diet related

Major Differencies Between Eastern and Western Philosophies as the Basis for Adult Education Essay Example for Free

Major Differencies Between Eastern and Western Philosophies as the Basis for Adult Education Essay Western philosophy has its roots in Athens, Rome and Judeo ­Christianity while Eastern philosophy is derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism. As Greek and Latin are to Western civilisation, so classical Chinese is to East Asian civilisation. I will focus on four major differences between Eastern and Western philosophies. 1. Western Individualism and Eastern Collectivism In the Greco‑Roman tradition, the image of Prometheus powerfully illustrates the struggle for individual freedom. Prometheus had gone against Zeus, the all powerful god who ruled the sky from Mt. Olympus. Prometheus annoyed Zeus by creating human beings. To protect the human beings from Zeus, he stole fire from Hephaestos, the blackmith god and gave it to the human beings. This angered Zeus to the extent that Prometheus was chained to a rock and an eagle tore out his liver. In European consciousness, Prometheus had become the hero who: defied the patriarchy in the name of individual freedom, who brought light into our darkness. He was the saviour who sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, the benefactor who brought the gift of technology down from heaven, the teacher who taught us that we are not at the whims of the gods any more, who showed us how to use our intelligence to take control of the world. The Christian tradition has also reinforced the notion of individual rights. The Bible speaks of God creating Man in His own image and letting him have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle and over all the earth, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth (Genesis 1:26). By comparison, the Chinese live in a world of obligations: obligations to serve the ruler, obligations to work for the family, obligations to obey elders, obligations to help relatives, obligations to do well to glorify the name of ancestors, obligations to defend the country in times of trouble, and obligations to oneself to cultivate ones own virtue. It would also seem that rights only belong to one individual ‑ the Son of Heaven. Confucianism promotes conservatism and this stifles creativity and robs the people of self‑introspection. 2. Fragmentary and Holistic According to Fritjof Capra, the emphasis of rational thought is epitomised in Descartes celebrated statement,Cognito, ergo sum ‑ I think, therefore, I exist. This has forcefully encouraged Westerners to equate their identity with their rational mind rather than with the whole organism. This division between the mind and the body has led to a view of the universe as a mechanical system consisting of separate objects, which in turn were reduced to fundamental building blocks whose properties and interactions were thought to completely determine all natural phenomena. This mechanistic conception of the whole world is still the basis of most of our sciences and continues to have a tremendous influence on our lives. Academic disciplines become fragmented and this has served as a rationale for treating the universe as if it consisted of separate parts to be exploited by different groups. The essence of the Eastern world view is the awareness of the unity and the mutual inter‑relation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestation of a basic oneness. All things are seen as independent and inseparable parts of a cosmic whole, as different manifestations of the same ultimate reality. The Eastern traditions refer to this ultimate, indivisible reality as Brahman in Hinduism, Dharmakaya in Buddhism and Tao in Taoism. 3. Conflict and Harmony The Marxist view of history saw change as arising from a dialectic interplay of opposites ‑hence class struggle and conflict. Western civilisation based itself on the struggle between the Good and Evil, God and Satan or Psyche and Cupid. Eastern philosophical thought is based on this notion of the Yin and the Yang. Frithjof Capra describes the Yang as the strong,male creative power associated with Heaven while yin is the dark,receptive, female and maternal element. The dark yin and the bright yang are arranged in a symmetrical manner. They are dynamic ‑ a rotating symmetry suggesting very forcefully a continuous cyclic movement.The two dots in the diagram symbolise the idea that each one of the forces reaches its extreme, it contains in itself the seed of the opposite.Life says Chuang Tzuis the blended harmony of the yin and the yang. Taoism permeates the economic and social lives of the Chinese through geomancy, qigong, Chinese medicine and idol worship. As Chan observes:Almost every hotel, office and commercial building that has gone up within the last decade adheres to certain principles of geomancy or Fengshui ‑ the art and science of harmonising man and nature. 4. Idealism and Pragmatism. The Western idea of democracy does not fit into the Eastern scheme of things easily. In an interview by the Daily Telegraph on 16 October 1989 the former Prime Minister remarked that: I think in a mainly Chinese electorate, the idea of a loyal opposition and an alternative government does not come easily. Youre either for or against the government. The Confucianistic idea of social hierarchy where a persons existence is relational, extending from his family, society and country. The pragmatism of the East is exemplied in the way Confucianism has been used to emphasize order through social hierarchy and the rules and conventions. Taoism provided the meaning of life and thus compliment Confucianism. Confucius preached the doctrine of the here and now. The emphasis is one of life and life and not life and death. The sage hoped to hear the right way in the morning, and die in the evening without regret. What lays the foundation of life for the Chinese is the family and the continuation of the family also means the passing on of experience, culture and thought. The Taoists has an equal view of life and death seeing life and death as the coming out and going back of a human form of existence. Chuang Tsu talks of coming and going . Lao Tzu said,out to life, in to death. The crux of the matter is to make the best of the present.

E Banking Is Branch Of E Commerce Information Technology Essay

E Banking Is Branch Of E Commerce Information Technology Essay E-Banking is a branch of E-Commerce that deals with the implementation of Information and Communication Technology in Business Financial Management. E-banking has come a very long way with millions spent on preparation of technological change just to make banking services accessible to their customers from anywhere, at anytime by just a click of the mouse. E-commerce offers a level playing ground for large businesses, as well as small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) to operate in the global market-place; and for regional businesses and communities to participate in social, economic and cultural networks seamlessly across international boundaries (Mary-Anne, 1998) E-banking is a remote delivery channel for banking services ranging from opening an account, transferring funds to more complex form of online transactions like financial product sale, like insurance and brokerage to bill payments and direct debits. Making payments for goods and services in cash or non-cash forms as well as depositing money in financial institutions and managing these resources are an inherent constituent of economic life. Banks serve as important intermediates. In recent years, with the development of technologies and techniques, options for communication with banks are expanding for clients. New services are originating such as home banking, phone banking, internet banking and others. Electronic communication means are particularly coming to the forefront. These are more convenient, faster, and often cheaper for clients. Banking experience shows it is suitable to use combinations of several communication means, depending on individual segments, clients, and types of operations, products and situations. Electronic banking is a service that specifically uses electronic communication forms. Table of Content Introduction Definition E-banking Components Forms of E-banking Automated Teller Machine E-cheque Internet Banking Mail Banking SMS Banking Types of Internet Websites Informational Websites Transactional Websites Benefits of E-Banking Merits to the Customers Merits to the Banking Organisation Merits to the General Economy Global vectors of E-banking E-banking Strategies E-Banking Transactions E-banking Scenario Trends in E-banking Traditional Banking VS Online Banking Merits and Demerits of Online Banking Merits and Demerits of Traditional Banking Problems with Computerization E-Banking in Nigeria: A Case Study Concerns of E-banking In Nigeria Adoption of E-banking In Nigeria Research Design Proposed Model Efforts of the Nigerian Government and the Regulatory Authorities. Conclusion References DEFINATION E-banking can be defined as an electronically automated delivery of modified banking product and services via the use of the internet, World Wide Web, technological devices and interactive communicational channels. E-banking consists of systems that enable financial firm customers, individual and businesses, to transact business; access accounts possess financial product services and information through the internet and the web as a whole. E-Banking can also be referred to as Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) which simply implies the transfer or funds from one account to another. Electronic banking focuses on the use of ICT to enable the external activities and financial relationships of group of individuals and inter-organisational affairs easy. E-Banking enables financial and non-financial organisations link their internal and external finance system more efficiently, flexibly and effectively, to work closely and build more sustainable relation with suppliers, customers and partners as well as satisfy their expectations. Banking customers gain access to e-banking product and services with the aid of an intelligent technological device ranging from Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Touch Tone Telephone, Smartphone, pocket surfer, Automated teller machine (ATM) to the mostly used personal Computer (PC). There are various use of E-Banking, this includes: Payment checks: checking if a payment is deposited in an account. Fund Withdrawal from account with the use of an ATM machine which requires a mode of authorisation for security reasons. Setting up Direct debit/automatic payment setup for paying a company or a person. Account monitoring: 24/7 monitoring of what goes on in your account. Use your computer and personal finance software to coordinate your total personal financial management process, integrating data and activities related to your income, spending, saving, investing, recordkeeping, bill-paying and taxes, along with basic financial analysis and decision making E-BANKING COMPONENTS The Electronic banking system can remarkably vary in their configuration pending on several factors. Financial institutions should carefully select and choose their electronic banking system configuration without excluding their outsourcing relationships based of four distinctive factors namely: The strategic aim for electronic banking Technological know-how The system complexity, scale and scope, equipments and activities; and The internal control and security requirements. The support of internal electronic banking services may be selected optionally by financial organisation but alternatively, organisations may outsource any aspect of their electronic banking systems to third parties. Firms that could host electronic banking-related services for financial organisations are: ISP (internet Service providers) A managed security service provider An internet banking software processor and a core banking vendor Other financial institution Credit sorting firm and a credit bureau A bill payment service provider These elements work together in harmony to deliver a great achievement in electronic banking services and each element representing a considerable point of control. Through a combination of both internal and external solutions, management has various options when shaping the overall system formation for the various elements of an e-banking system. Nevertheless, putting simplicity into consideration, one or more technology service provider can host the e-banking application and various network components. The organisations ISP hosts the organisations internet banking server, firewall, website and all necessary security detection system. There are some processes e-banking rely on in order to work as expected and some, if not all of the processes can be seen in operation anytime e-banking is in services and operation where each element represent a considerable control point. Some of these processes seen in a typical e-banking system include: Internal network server A core processing system Security management Network Administration Website design and hosting Firewall configuration and management E-business application (e.g. lending, bill/goods payment) FORMS OF E-BANKING: Automated Teller Machine (ATM) A stand-alone electronic machine in an open area for public use which is connected to a data system and components and then operated by a financial organisations customer to withdraw cash and other account balance and services via a very secure mode of communication. Most ATMs in the UK allow interbank use sometimes for free or charged a a fixed amount and the machines offers cash withdrawal, balance enquiry with printed receipt, money transfer between accounts, mobile top-up as well as fund deposit either in cash or cheques. Every customer belonging to a banking organisation is issued a plastic smartcard which has a chip on it and the chip contains the customers account details and a PIN (personal Identification Number) is issued with the smartcard as a mode of security for the user to access the account. The PIN gives the user authorisation into the account but the PIN has to be matched with that in the record of the card before access is granted and if upon three unsuccessful trials, the account is locked and has to be reactivated but the authority of the banking organisation. E-Cheque As the name suggests, its an electronic cheque. Basically, its the electronic version of a paper cheque which possesses the information and framework as its counterpart and functions exactly as the paper cheque works. Internet Banking This enables account users handle various banking activities via the use of the internet on their personal computer. These activities ranges from 24/7 account monitoring, balance checks, funds transfer and paying bills. To gain access to internet banking, the user must have to sign-up for this feature and in return, the banking organisation issues the customer some authorisation and security measures only to be known to the account user. This includes: An account number A password A security question (as an account confirmation if account number and password matches) A security answer. Mail Banking This enables the possibility for customer to communicate with their banks by electronic mail and the most used of this service is sending bank statements to account holders at an agreed period to the clients mailbox. SMS Banking (short message service banking) This feature allows customers to request for information either from their banks department or for their account balance information with the aid of a text message sent from the clients mobile phone which as well, can be used as both passive and active operation similar to the classic telephone baking. Information sent on request is mostly about current interest rate or exchange rate sent by the bank and this feature is convenient by the bank due to its simplicity and less-protection involved but a password is used. TYPES OF INTERNET WEBSITES Before the web as a whole was opened to members of the public, research and educational organisations and government agencies were able to view and gain available information to each other by the use of text-only websites but since the embrace of the World Wide Web, there has been more website than ever. There are various types of websites namely: Personal websites Community Building website Informational Website Online Business Brochure Blogs Photo Sharing Websites Transactional websites But in this course, two primary types of financial websites will be viewed: informational website and transactional website. INFORMATIONAL WEBSITES As the name suggests informational from information provides numerous customers access to information about a financial organisation products and services. These websites are unique because it allows visitors contribution to readymade articles and journals for editing information to be shared or sold. A business could setup a website to list product, specification, instructions and review about a certain item. This will serve as a lead for people to discover assistant and essence and this site can be linked to an e-business site for better customer experience and even expose the usefulness of your sites existence. An example of informational websites includes google.com and Wikipedia.org, the online encyclopaedia. There are certain risk issues that has to be examined and reviewed due to the nature of information stored and retrieved in informational websites which include: There is a potential access to private and confidential financial/customer information if the website isnt isolated from the financial organisations internal network. There is a huge risk in spreading virus and other malicious programming code to computers communicating with the organisations website Potential customer violations and liability for wrong and insufficient information about products and services and price listing presented on the website; and A negative public view if the organisations on-line website services are defaced. TRANSACTIONAL WEBSITES These website provide customers with the ability to process transactions through a financial organisations website by initiating banking transactions or buying products and services. Banking transactions can range from basic retail account balance inquiry to a large intra-business funds transfer. E-banking services can be classified based on the type of customer and services they support. Common e-banking retail and wholesale services mostly offered by financial institutions are listed in the table below. Retail Services Wholesale Services Account Management Account Management Bill payment and Presentment Cash management New account opening Small business loan applications, approvals, or advances Customer Wire transfer Investment/Brokerage Services Commercial wire transfers Loan application and approval Business-to-business payments Account aggregation Employee benefits/pension administration Common E-Banking services Due to the nature of transactional websites which enables the electronic exchange and transfer of sensitive customer information and funds transfer, these website expose the services of financial organisations to higher risk than any other type of website. Wholesale e-banking systems typically expose financial organisations to the highest level of risk during each transaction, since commercial transactions usually involve larger currency amounts. The following issues should be considered when reviewing transactional e-banking services: Liability for unauthorized transactions; Verification of both new and existing customers accessing e-banking services with the process of authentication; Law violations, customer privacy, anti-terrorism, anti-money laundering; Security control for safeguarding customer information; Fraud loss due to disproval of individuals identity or business applying for new accounts; and Customer dissatisfaction, negative public view and potential liability resulting from failure to process third-party payments as directed or unauthorized access to confidential customer information during storage. BENEFITS OF E-BANKING Since the introduction of e-banking, there has been a rapid spread in its daily use either to the financial organisation or for the customers all around the globe. All financial organisations are making greater use of the facilities provided by e-banking to better the services and to have an edge in the competitive market. The following points summarize the merits of e-banking. Merits to customers: Customers generally, have been distinctively affected in a positive way by E-banking. Ordinary tasks have now been replaced automatically which results in comfort and stress free. The merits include: With the use of ATMs, customers have access to their account to withdraw funds at any time of the day at any ATM cash point throughout the country. Transactions can be done at any time of the day, seven days a week by just a mouse click away. Increase in the usage of smartcards in different format which is widely used across the globe i.e. credit cards and debit cards. Online banking made easy to customers with an online account. Services available in a banks local branch can all be accessed in the banks website. The customer hardly needs to visit the local bank branch only if necessary due to the flexibility provided by the online service. Attractive interest rates and many incentives given out when accounts are opened online. Consolidated portfolio Interface for customers managing their debit, credit, mortgages and other financial assets. Merits to banking organisation When the use of ICT is been incorporated into any business, there are advantages engraved in it due to the growth of E-banking infrastructure and these are sighted below: The wide reach and delivery capabilities of computer network such as the internet are better off than any other branch network. Enormous paper work in the banking sector has been reduced due to the implementation of e-banking. Financial organisation has become highly competitive amongst each other as a result of increase in e-banking. E-banking has helped the banks in controlling their overheads and operating cost. Huge data warehouse for documentation, storage and retrieval of records, transactions and customer details has been sorted out by e-banking. Banks save money in the long run by not paying for tellers or managing branches. Efficiency and customer satisfaction is improved. Huge customer attraction due to online services offered (see image below). e-bill effect.png Source: Aspen Analytics, The E-Bill Effect: The Impact on Customer Attrition from Banks that Offer E-Bill, Nov. 2007 Merits to the general economy: The invention of the internet and the World Wide Web has triggered an electronic/automatic revolution in the financial banking sector with its flexibility and dynamic nature aided in balancing numerous services of banking activities. The adoption and delivery of electronic banking products and services is existing partly as a product of customer demand and because of the rise in competition within the banking sector but many few banks have succeeded in deploying effective strategies for fully utilize the services of the internet. GLOBAL VECTORS OF E-BANKING E-banking has widely serviced both the members of the public as well as the financial organisation which created a creation of a better enabling society that supports growth and development, productivity and prosperity. Setting aside its benefits in form of cost reduction, delivery time saving, high efficiency, waste reduction, electronically controlled e-banking and thoroughly environment monitoring discourage many illegal and illegimate conducts associated with banking industry like frauds, money laundering and embezzlements. Customer database been closely monitored by e-banking. E-banking has also helped in documentation of the economic activity of the masses. Global E-banking organisation is covered by four primary sections namely: E-banking Strategies: key strategies that all banks must utilise to achieve peak value through the electronic channel. E-banking Transactions: this sector deals with cross border transactions, mobile payment, B2B transactions and E-billing system. E-banking Scenario: the state, prospects and issues relating to e-banking and the impact of e-banking on the banking organisation structure. Trends in E-banking: this section focuses on the creation of new technologies in banks. E-BANKING STRATEGIES A study revealed that less than 15 percent of banks with transactional website will reap profits directly as a result to those sites. Therefore, financial organisation must acknowledge the seriousness of the challenge ahead and come up with a strategy that will enable leverage chances presented by the World Wide Web. E-banking relies on the development of new business strategies based on networks. The world has become increasingly inter-connected through telecommunication networks and computers. These offer fast, flexible, and cost-effective ways of doing business. There is no set appropriate strategy in E-banking that is suitable for every banking industry but whether they embark on a defensive or an offensive strategy, they still have to be up to date with the business trends and technological evolution of the Web space although, not every business has been e-business understood. Like Wells Fargo, early electronic businesses espouse, who firstly- not only entered the electronic banking sector but showed flexibility to change as the market expands. The level of e-banking should be well considered by the financial organisation that will provide numerous customer segments based on their needs and risk management assessment. An approved strategic e-banking broad should be consulted before reaching an agreement or final decision should be made with considerations to the customer demands, expertise, expense implementation, maintenance cost, competition and capital support. Financial organisations often consider the most appropriate mode of overall business strategy in terms of publishing its products and services on informational websites or transactional websites which can sometimes used to determine organisational success and to ensure the delivery of those product and services; the financial organisation may possess multiple pages within a website for different business functions. E-banking is a remote delivery channel for banking services ranging from opening an account, transferring funds to more complex form of online transactions like financial product sale, like insurance and brokerage to bill payments and direct debits. Although internet banking is still the most influential and most widely used, a new challenge has emerged in the form of mobile banking which is an additional opportunity for banks to offer basic urgent request for their new and existing customers. Mobile banking allows financial organisations extend their customer relationship and personalized information with the use of new technologies to their valued customers. E-BANKING TRANSACTIONS With the increasing cost of banking transactions, providing numerous customers with cost effective services; huge volume of e-banking transactions are been processed everyday and this is becoming increasingly popular as the number and value of e-banking transactions in the country have shown a rather impressive growth in years. This is achieved with the aid of new technologies which transformed traditional banking transactions. The traditional means of banking involves physically going to the bank to execute all banking operations from the simplest to the complex transactions which the banks had to employ several staffs to attend to the customers enquiries. Electronic Fund Transfers got introduced and this minimised the average customer waiting times by allowing customers to carry out banking transactions on their own and at anytime. There are several practical services offered by Electronic fund Transfers and this includes: The use of Automated Teller Machines otherwise known as ATM or 24-hour tellers are electronic terminals that allows banking almost at anytime of the day. These machines enable bank customers to make deposits, withdraw cash, or transfer funds between accounts. To use this service, account holders make use of a plastic card with chip and a PIN (Personal identification Number) to access the account and carry out necessary actions in the account. Unauthorized users are declined and the card can be block to avoid fraud. Some ATMs are free and some charge a little access fee. E-check conversion converts a paper check into an e-payment in a store or when a firm receives check in the mail. Using the e-check in stores, the cashier runs the e-check through an electronic system that captures the banking details and amount details on the check and stores the record. Thereafter, a receipt is issued as a confirmation of acceptance for the customers record. The e-check functions exactly as the paper check and all terms and conditions are applied equally. Direct Debit Transactions allows payment to be made with a bank debit card in the name of the account holder which also can be your ATM card. Payments for purchases can be used in business stores, shopping outlets, online and over the phone. The process is fast and easy to transfer funds and make payments provided the amount in the account covers all purchase necessary. It should be encouraged to read through the cards terms of use and conditions of the banking organisation. Direct deposit enable authorization of specific deposits such as Social Security checks, pay checks to your account on a regular basis. Pre-authorize withdrawals may also be set up so as to pay recurring bills such as insurance premium, mortgages and utility bills, paid automatically. Phone banking allows instant contact with the bank society to authorize certain payment, transfers, account balance request and transactional acknowledgements to be sent to the account holder over the phone. Agreement has to be made with the banking organisations to use this feature and is sometimes charged at a stated fee. ebanking_chart_howmake.jpg Bank account information is very sensitive and hence, special care should be taken into consideration when giving out details of debit card or credit card either on the internet or over the phone. Financial organisations should be contacted about any protections offered for these transactional cards. E-BANKING SCENARIO E-banking is mostly used in the financial sectors across the globe and it tends to be the lead master in E-business but studies revealed that e-banking still has a lot to offer. E-banking is adopted mostly in developed nations as a mode of working ethics through the availability of the internet as an online bank branch while the developing nations make use of the internet as information dissemination. E-banking started in the early 1980s in New York, US. According to Banking and Finance on the Internet, which was edited by Mary J. Cronin, distinctive banks offered home banking services to individuals and small-businesses to maintain e-check book registers, check account balances and fund transfers between accounts. Although e-banking was introduced in the mid-1970s so as to reduce back-office check-processing costs, the banks which embarked on the system failed to attract enough customers to break even and were deserted in 1989. In 2001, over 50 percent of the banks were offering E-banking services in the US but however, small banking organisations had no competitive merit over huge banks in terms of services rendered although internet business strategies was been implemented. In the 1990s, large banks awaken to the vast popularity and opportunities of the internet to advertise their products and services heavily. According to a research carried out by Online Banking Report, at the end of 1999, less than 0.4 percent of households in the U.S. were using online banking. Later in early 2004, some 33 million U.S. households (equivalent to 31% of the market) were using a form of e-banking or another and five years after, according to Gartner Group Survey, 47 percent of the Americans bank online. The FDIC statistics published revealed that only 40 percent of US banks offer e-banking facilities worth mentioning. The others may possess an online presence but dont have website transactions to prove their existence on the internet. Hence, the internet was used as a brochure without physical interaction to the customers. This offered entry and expansion opportunities that small banks traditionally lack. E-banking arrived in the UK almost simultaneously with the US. It was introduces by the Nottingham Building Society in 1983 which introduced UKs first home banking service via a computerised information service owned by British telecom. Approximately 60 percent of the UK financial industry was centralised in e-business in early 2001 and with the anticipated 10-fold surge of the e-business market in 2005 in UK, the share of the financial services will further increase. Some bank customers turn to internet banking due to dismay with normal procedures, policies and practices. The total cut of human intervention tends to appeal to some people and some people switch to internet banking for security reasons and convenience. This arises because of the assurance banks give to safe guard transactions and better security. The internet is accelerating hard to reset the banking organisation into three divisions namely: production, distribution and advice. This is due to the combined effect of internet drive: New technological equipments to reduce transactional cost and physical bank relationship The adoption of new and more focused business models High degree of uncertainty posed by new entrants on business models. ebanking.jpg E-banking in Europe as well as the rest of the world is still at the evolutionary stage, its obvious that a huge impact is been felt on the traditional way of banking. Large banks in parts of the developed world will surely have a competitive advantage over small banks due to the competence to implement new technologies but are still not prepared. Hence, medium-sized and small banks have a significant role on the electronic banking front end if strict measures can be implemented rapidly and effectively. TRENDS IN E-BANKING The trends in e-baking varies from time to time although e-banking is gaining huge ground from banks operating through websites enabling customers not only to request account checks, interest rates but also to explore a whole wide range of transactional product and services. Internet banking data seems to be scarce and definitional differences make comparison difficult in cross-countries. Internet banking has gained muck popularity in Korea, Spain, Austria, and Switzerland, where all banks offers up to 75 percent on internet services. ebanking_chart_onlineusage.jpg According to a research carried out by yStats.com, a research company founded in 2005 for the research of objective, demand-based and up-to-date data on markets and competitors for top managers, made key findings on the global use of online payments. The Quantitative information on different payment methods used in B2C E-Commerce markets worldwide quotes: In the US, Credit Card (67%) was the preferred payment method for holiday online shopping in 2009, followed by Debit Card (36%). While German men use credit cards for more than 40% of online purchases, women continue to use the traditional direct debit method. Sella (31%) was Italys preferred online payment company in 2009, followed by Cartasi (19%) and PayPal (15%). Furthermore, iDeal was the most accepted payment method in the Netherlands in 2009, with 89% of merchants accepting it. Money Transfer (43%) was the preferred payment method of B2C E-Commerce consumers in China in 2009. TRADITIONAL BANKING VS ONLINE BANKING There are several differences between traditional banking and online banking although some people are still sceptical about the safety of sensitive information when using online banking so therefore, they stick with their old way of banking. The distinctive feature between both is that one is physical and the other is virtual but they both offer the same products and services. The major difference lies in the convenience opportune by online banking specifically when it deals to making payments, obtaining

Utilitarianism :: Philosophy essays

Utilitarianism    This was written in responce to the following questions:    What is the principle of utility? Do you regard it as an adequate basis for judging the progress of society or the desirability of different social institutions? What are its virtues and limitations? How would a utilitarian aproach to judging society differ from a more traditional moral approach?    The principle of utility was Jeremy Bentham's idea on how society progresses through maintaining the greatest happiness / good for the greatest number of people. The ideology utilitarianism, was later formed by John Mill who offered the phrase and an explanation with regards to its moral implications. It sounds logical for a society to want the greatest happiness or good for itself. In general we regard individuals who are well (cultured) and who do not do (bad things) to be happy and we respect them for it. However, that depends on what we see (cultured) and (bad things) to mean.    We have already seen that the idea of what is morally correct and the notions of what is (more morally correct) are philosophical, sociological and theological problems that almost every philosopher has tried to answer; and all come up with varying responses. Everyone sees murder as being wrong and as being an act that could not bring happiness or good. However, this does not account for those who like to kill. They are part of society, so does their happiness not matter? Now if you had a population of murderers or even people who did not necessarily kill but liked seeing others kill/killed (maybe on TV or the movies), does their happiness still show a society of progress? I would hope not. To this Mill would say that I was probably right, but that people would not choose to live like that. Instead they would opt for a moral happiness. They would look for the (higher) levels of happiness like knowledge and culture. I would then reply that he has either left our human nature or his timeline for people moving towards a (higher) level of happiness is insane.    I do believe that utilitarianism is the means by which we live; in general people do whatever they want as long as it brings them happiness (at least what they think is happiness). The fact is that we cannot truly equate happiness to being (good) so we cannot use it as means of judging progress.

The Effects of the Atomic Bomb Essay -- Essays Papers

The Effects of the Atomic Bomb Some regard the atomic bomb as â€Å"the thank God for the atom bomb†. This places God on the U.S. side and regards the bombs as our saving grace. This bomb forced the Japanese to surrender which in turn proved the U.S. to be the heroes who saved the American’s lives.1 The Americans intended on ending the war but did not expect to end it with such a large number of casualties. The results of the atomic bomb and how it effected the Japanese people both emotionally and physically will be addressed. â€Å"The bombs marked both an end and a beginning—the end of an appalling global conflagration in which more than 50 million people were killed and the beginning of the nuclear arms race and a new world in which security was forever a step away and enormous resources had to be diverted to military pursuits†.2 They planned to invade Kyusha in the South on November 1st, and Tokyo and the Kanto area in Honshu in March of 1946. There was a long road ahead of them so the sooner the war ended, the better. But this was no excuse for the U.S. to kill millions of people.3 â€Å"In Japan, as might be expected, popular memory of the atomic bombs tend to begin where the American narratives leave off†¦Rubble everywhere. A silent, shattered cityscape. In this regard, the heroic narrative differs little from a Hollywood script†.4 Today we have the Smithsonian Institution that represents the trauma that many of the people today do not have imprinted in their memory. This is a way for all people, who were both present and not present, to pay their respects to the participants and the victims in World War II.5 In creating the Smithsonian, the Americans initially wanted to reflect deeply upon the occurrences by design... ... the War in Asia,† The Journal of American History 82 (1995): 1124. - Ernest Hook, â€Å"The Exclusion of Minor Malformations in the Study of Mutation in the Offspring of Survivor of Atomic Bomb: Methodological, Not Sociopolitical, Rationale,† Journal of the History of Biology 30 (1997): 239-242. - Kenzaburo Oe, Hiroshima Notes, trans. David L. Swain and Toshi Yonezawa (New York: Grove, 1996). - Toyofumi Ogura Letters From the End of the World: A Firsthand Account of the Bombing of Hiroshima trans. Kisaburo Murakami and Sigeru Figil (New York: Kodansha International, 1982). - â€Å"Physical Damages Caused by the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing,† http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/n50/disastewr/Damage-ic.html (28 Feb. 2000). - Report of the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack (New York, 1972).

Designing and Managing the Supply Chain, Chapter 1 Questions

PROC 5850 Week 1 Homework: Ch1 Question 1,2,6 1. Consider the supply chain for a domestic automobile. a. What are the components of the supply chain for an automobile? The components of the supply chain for an automobile are as follows: First you have the supplying industries. These include components such as steel and other metals, rubber, electronics, plastic, glass, and textiles. These raw components are fabricated into car bodies, mechanical and electrical subcomponents as well as engines and transmissions.These subassemblies are assembled during final assembly and then distributed to dealership for the consumer market. b. What are the different firms involved in the supply chain? The following are a selection of firms involved in the supply chain: Suppliers, Manufactures, Transportation companies, Warehouses and distributions centers, sub-contractors, dealerships, and customers. c. What are the objectives of these firms? The simple objective of these firms is to maximize market share and make a profit. Socratic Seminar QuestionsEvery challenge to operate the supply chain supports these two primary goals. d. Provide examples of conflicting objectives in this supply chain? The supplying industries would like the automobile manufacture to commit themselves to purchasing large quantities with stable volumes with flexible (long-lead) dates. On the manufacture’s side, they need to be flexible to their customers’ need and the change in demands. So what we have is a direct conflict of interest between the suppliers’ and manufactures’ desire for flexibility.The ability to optimally match supply and demand is just as much an art and it is a science. Other conflicts arise with transportation of smaller batches versus larger batches of supplies. Usually the smaller and faster a batch of supply is required, the cost of transportation increase; another conflicting objective. e. What are the risks that rare or unexpected events pose to this supply chain? An unexpected risk such as a natural disaster can bring the supply chain to a stand still. However, such events can almost never be managed.There are some challenges such as matching supply and demand risks, lead times, forecasts, transportation times and costs, which can be â€Å"managed† or operational risk management used to minimize risks. 2. Consider a consumer mortgage offered by a bank. f. What are the components of the supply chain for a mortgage? There are several components of the supply chain for a consumer mortgage offered by a bank. First, there are marketing companies that solicit to prospective customers. Secondly, the bank needs to be able to evaluate potential customers by using credit-reporting companies.Thirdly, usually a third party bank that extends the mortgage loans. Lastly, the bank requires mortgage brokers that distribute the loans. g. Is there more than one firm involved in the supply chain? What are the objectives of the firm or firms? Marketing companies try to increase the responses from prospective homebuyers to maximize their returns. The banks try to find customers that are a relatively low risk, on-time payments, and low average maturity date; i. e. , maximize profits. The mortgage broker is all about maximizing his commission of the sell of the property. . What are the similarities between product and service supply chains, what are the differences? Both product and service supply chains provide a need. The difference is the type of service, instead of the physical product†¦ faster, better, cheaper all apply. Some of the differences between the two types of supply chains are as follows: * With the product supply chain there is both the flow of physical and informational products. However, in the service supply chain, the product is mostly information. Unlike the service supply chain, inventory and transportation of goods are a major costs of product supply chains. * Since service supply chains usually don’t carry invento ry, coordinating capacity with demand is usually more important. * The cost of information is more often higher than in a product supply chain. Consider the cost of a credit report or hiring a consultant. 6. Consider the supply chain for canned peaches sold by a major food-processing company. What are the sources of uncertainty in this supply chain? Some of the sources of uncertainty are as follows: The first factor to consider is the peach crop and the factors that effect it†¦ weather, disease, and disasters. * Number if migrant workers available to harvest the crop†¦ spoilage. * Lead times from field to processing plant†¦ spoilage. * Processing time, storage, and transportation times and costs. * Demand is not know beforehand. CASE: Meditech Surgical 1. What are Meditech’s problems in introducing new products? In manufacturing ALL products? Meditech has two major issues with introducing new products. * It has poor service levels for new products The inventory levels are higher than necessary for all of its products 2. What is diving these problems, both systematically and organizationally? There are seven major areas in which Meditech is driving these problems: * In the planning system, there are too many built-in delays and monthly buckets. This leads to inefficacies, unneeded delays, and high inventory levels. * There is no tracking of forecasting errors. * Product demand is poorly studied. * The Info Systems used to record and monitor & inventory are not integrated and inadequately designed. Because Meditech does not normally see the end-customer, it has to overcome failures of communications with them†¦ hording/panic orders is one example of this failure to communicate with end-customers. * The poor planning system is use magnifies variations in demand. * Panic ordering. 3. Why is the customer service manager the first person to recognize the major issues? He was the person who directly received customer complaints. In his posi tion he was able to determine the scope of the problems. Other managers were not in positions to be aware of customer satisfaction. 4. How would you fix these problems?There are several ways to fix the problems Meditech is facing. The first and most important is improving communications with customers†¦ Five â€Å"Y†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s. Another way to improve their SCM is to develop better demand forecasting systems and accountability for their forecasts. Furthermore, Meditech needs to integrate, implement, and improve their information systems. They could easily eliminate bulk inventory by putting assembly within the pull system; i. e. , get rid of the â€Å"push-pull† system. Lastly, they could implement a planning system to decrease planning delays (or just use M. S. Project) and reduce system time buckets.